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Theodore Roosevelt
American president, soldier, and reformer; led the Rough Riders, built the Panama Canal, championed national parks, and embodied the “strenuous life.”
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Thucydides
Athenian general and historian; author of *The History of the Peloponnesian War*, famed for his empirical, critical method and focus on human nature and politics.
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William Shakespeare
English Renaissance playwright and poet; author of *Hamlet*, *Romeo and Juliet*, *Macbeth*, and sonnets that shaped the English tongue.
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Sir John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres
Sir John French was a British field marshal who commanded the British Expeditionary Force at the outset of World War I. Celebrated for his cavalry leadership in the Second Boer War, his First World War tenure was marked by early defensive successes and later controversies that led to his replacement by Douglas Haig. He later served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland during the War of Independence.
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Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre
Joseph Joffre was a French general and Marshal of France best known as commander-in-chief of the French Army at the outbreak of World War I. Nicknamed "Papa Joffre" for his calm authority, he directed the strategic retreat and counteroffensive that stopped the German advance at the First Battle of the Marne in 1914. Later a national figurehead, he undertook a celebrated mission to the United States in 1917 to strengthen Allied cooperation.
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Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig
Field Marshal Douglas Haig was the Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force during the First World War from 1915 to 1918. A central and controversial figure, he oversaw the Somme and Passchendaele offensives and later the Allied Hundred Days that broke German resistance. After the war, he became a leading advocate for veterans, helping to found the British Legion.
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Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener
Horatio Herbert Kitchener was a British field marshal and imperial administrator who rose to prominence in the late 19th century. He led the reconquest of Sudan, commanded in the Second Boer War, reorganized the Indian Army, and served as Secretary of State for War in 1914–1916, raising the mass volunteer force known as “Kitchener’s Army.” He died at sea when HMS Hampshire struck a mine while he was en route to Russia.
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Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke
Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke, known as Moltke the Younger, was a German general and Chief of the General Staff from 1906 to 1914. Nephew of the famed Moltke the Elder, he oversaw Germany’s prewar planning and directed the opening campaigns of World War I, including the modified execution of the Schlieffen Plan, before being removed from command after the Marne.
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